The main materials in braces
Most fixed braces use a combination of bracket material, archwire material, elastic or metal ties, and bonding resin. Depending on the case, the system may also include molar bands, buccal tubes, springs, hooks, power chains and retainers later on.
What are brackets made of?
Traditional metal brackets are commonly made from stainless steel. They are strong, durable and widely used. Ceramic brackets are made from a tooth-colored or translucent ceramic material that blends in better visually. Some systems also use specialized clips or slot designs that change how the wire is held.
Metal is usually smaller and tougher. Ceramic is often chosen for esthetics, especially on upper front teeth.
What are orthodontic wires made of?
Early alignment often uses nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires because they are springy and can work with mild continuous force. Later stages may use stainless-steel wires when more control or rigidity is needed. Some orthodontists also use beta-titanium wires for selected movements.
What about elastics, bands and other parts?
Elastic ties and power chains are usually made from elastomeric material. Molar bands are thin metal rings cemented around molars when extra durability or anchorage is needed. Buccal tubes are small metal attachments on back teeth that hold the archwire and sometimes connect to other mechanics.
Bonding materials include etch, primer and composite resin that keep brackets attached to enamel.
Are braces materials considered safe?
Orthodontic materials are designed for use in the mouth and selected by a licensed professional. If you have a known metal allergy, sensitivity or history of dental reactions, tell the practice before treatment so they can discuss suitable options.
Why do some parts change during treatment?
Different stages need different properties. A flexible wire may be best for early alignment, while a stiffer wire helps finishing and detail work. Elastic parts also wear out and are commonly replaced at adjustment visits.
Sources & further reading
- AAO glossary — Definitions of common orthodontic materials and parts.
- NHS — Braces and orthodontics — General public overview of braces and orthodontic treatment.
These references support general information. Your own dentist or orthodontist should make recommendations for your specific teeth, gums, appliance and treatment plan.